This post summarizes commonly used TCP and UDP ports. The total number of ports for both TCP and UDP is what can be numbered with 16-digit binary number, it means, 65,536 ports, numbered from 0 to 65,535. Default TCP and…
hping commands for scanning methods ICMP ping hping3 -1 10.0.0.25 Hping performs an ICMP ping scan by specifying the argument -1 on the command line. You may use –ICMP of -1 argument in the command line. By issuing the above…
This post summarizes common syntax and parameters used with command nmap. To understand the meaning of each parameter, you may read about network discovery scanning techniques, as in “CISPP Study Guide 9th Edition”, pp. 732-733. nmap Syntax Parameters Those scans…
Smurf attack, also known as ICMP Echo Request, is a distributed reflection denial of service (DRDoS). Othe examples of DRDoS are DNS poisoning and fraggle attack. Description of smurf attack Smurf attack is performed as follows: How to prevent smurf…
There are six TCP communication flags: List of TCP Communication Flags SYN SYN, also known as synchronize, notifies the transmission. ACK ACK, also known as acknowledgment, confirms the receipt. FIN FIN, also known as finish, announces that it will not…
This post features different types of clouds. This post is part of the introduction to cloud computing. Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) Featured Cloud Deployment Models Cloud Deployment Models: Private Cloud: A private cloud, also known as internal or corporate cloud,…
This tutorial assumes that your operating system is Linux, in any of its variants (Kali Linux, Ubuntu, etc.) Step-by-step Procedure 1. Ensure aircrack-ng suite is installed in your computer Open a terminal and type: sudo apt-get update Install aircrack-ng suite:…
Encryption algorithms: Encryption protocols: Wi-Fi security modes: Authentication options supported by WPA, WPA2 and WPA3: PSK is the use of a static fixed password or authentication. ENT enables the leveraging of and existing AAA (Authentication, Authorization and Accounting) service to…
Before reading this article, you may find useful to have a look at the preliminary post about encryption concepts for IT, that explains step-by-step the needs for a Public Key Infraestructure. What is a Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)? When establishing…
List of Port Scanning Methods: TCP UDP NULL FIN XMAS ACK IDLE NULL Does not set any bits (TCP flag header is 0). FIN Sets just the TCP FIN bit. XMAS Sets the FIN, PSH, and URG flags, lighting the…